I think we learn more and more each year. I also think the more that large volume breeders share data the better we will get. I am absolutely convinced that using chickens to set the eggs for the entire period or ten days makes for a better hatch.
I just know that chicks that die in the egg...
I think it is a combination of males not coming off the perch and mating and suppression of the hens desire to mate. I don't know of any scientific study.
I don't know that thats bruising but I am used to seeing all kinds of different colors on the body when born. I quit paying attention. The more I hatch the less I stress over individual chicks and perceived problems. I don't lose anymore, I just quit worrying as much.
I only have one dark pied breeder and she does have a little white, but I don't doubt they could have none. The chicks and juveniles that we sell are not observably different from the regular birds as three month olds most times. They are usually lighter at hatching.
You are welcome. He would not have made it if I had left him in the brooder. He would have been culled I am sure. We were out of town for a few days during the hatch. We have great help but he was a late hatch that started to dry in the shell. He was piped upside down so you could not see...